Here are 10 lesser-known facts about Kashi (Varanasi), one of the world’s oldest living cities:
1. One of the Oldest Continuously Inhabited Cities
Kashi is believed to have been continuously inhabited for over 3,000 years, with some estimates going as far back as 5,000 years, making it one of the oldest cities still thriving in the modern era.
2. Original Name
The city was originally called Kashi, derived from the Sanskrit word “Kash,” meaning “to shine.” It later came to be known as Varanasi, referencing the rivers Varuna and Assi, which border the city.
3. Spiritual and Cosmic Significance
According to Hindu beliefs, Kashi is located on the Trishul (trident) of Lord Shiva, making it a sacred space where liberation (moksha) is guaranteed. It is often referred to as the “City of Light” or “Kashi, the Luminous.”
4. Center of Learning
Kashi has been a major center of education for centuries. The city is home to Banaras Hindu University (BHU), one of Asia’s largest residential universities, and has been a hub for Vedic studies and classical Indian music.
5. Temple Density
Varanasi is said to house over 23,000 temples, with notable ones like the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple, and Durga Temple. Despite its relatively small area, it is often referred to as the “City of Temples.”
6. Unique Ganga Aarti
The daily Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat is a spectacular ritual, drawing thousands of visitors. It combines fire, chants, and rhythmic music, making it a mesmerizing experience. Each priest performing the Aarti follows specific traditional guidelines.
7. The Ghats Have Unique Purposes
Varanasi has 88 ghats, each with a specific purpose. For instance,
- Manikarnika Ghat is the primary cremation site.
- Assi Ghat is for pilgrims to take their first holy dip.
- Dashashwamedh Ghat is for spiritual gatherings and rituals.
8. Birthplace of Ayurveda
Kashi is considered a pivotal location for the development of Ayurveda. Ancient texts suggest that the science of Ayurveda flourished here, and it was home to notable scholars and physicians like Sushruta, often called the “Father of Surgery.”
9. Influence on Literature and Arts
Many prominent figures in Indian literature and arts, such as Kabir, Tulsidas, Ravi Shankar, and Bismillah Khan, have deep connections to Kashi. The city has inspired timeless poetry, music, and dance forms.
10. Death and Liberation (Moksha)
Hindus believe that dying in Kashi leads to liberation from the cycle of rebirth. The Manikarnika Ghat is where people come to ensure their final rites are performed, and Moksha Bhavan is a hospice for those seeking to spend their last days in the city.
